extraordinary aptitude for theatrical adornments. Thence he went to Rome; and in the church of S. Caterina da Siena, in that capital, is one of his most distinguished works, The Resurrection, remarkable both for design and for colour- ing. He studied the Roman antiquities with zeal, and measured a number of edifices; this practice, combining with his previous mastery of perspective, qualified him to shine as an architect. Francesco Maria, the reigning duke of Urbino, recalled Genga, and commissioned him to execute works in connexion with his marriage-festivities. This prince being soon afterwards expelled by Pope Leo X, Genga followed him to Mantua, whence he went for a time to Pesaro. The duke of L'rbino was eventually restored to his dominions; he took Genga with him, and appointed him the ducal architect. As he neared the close of his career, Genga retired to a house in the vicinity of the city, continuing still to produce designs in pencil; one, of the Conversion of St Paul, was particularly admired. Here he died on the 11th of July 1551. Genga was a sculptor and musician as well as painter and architect; and he wrote various essays, as yet unpublished, on the arts. He was jovial, an excellent talker, and kindly to his friends. His principal pupil was Francesco Menzocchi. His own son Bartolommeo, (1518–1558), also a pupil, became an architect of celebrity. In Genga’s paintings there is a great deal of freedom, and a certain peculiarity of character consonant with his versatile, lively, and social temperament. One of his leading works is in the church of St Augustine in Cesena,—a triptych in oil—colours, repre- senting the Annunciation, God the Father in Glory, and the Madonna and Child. Among his architectural labours are the church of the Baptist in Pesaro, one of the finest edifices in that neighbourhood ; the bishop’s palace at Sinigaglia ; the facade of the cathedral of Mantua, ranking high among the productions of the 16th century; and a new palace for the duke of L'rbino, built on the Monte Imperiale.
He was also concerned in the fortifications of Pesaro.GENGIS KHAN. See Jenghiz Khan.
GENLIS, Stéphanie-Félicité Ducrest de Saint-Aubin, Comtesse de (1746–1830), a voluminous French writer, was born of a noble but impoverished Burgundian family, at the Chateau de Champcery, ncar Autun, on the 25th of January 1746. When six years of age, she was received as a canoness into the noble chapter of Alix, near Lyons, with the title of Madame la Comtesse de Lancy, taken from the town of Bourbon-Lancy, of which her father was at that time superior. Her entire education, however, was con- ducted at home under the eye of her mother by an accom- plished governess. In 17:38 she removed along with her mother to Paris, where her skill in music and her vivacious wit speedily attracted attention and admiration. Her marriage with the Comte de Genlis, a colonel of grenadiers, who afterwards became marquis of Sillery, took place in her sixteenth year, but was not suffered to interfere with a rapidly developing taste for acquiring and imparting knowledge. Some years later, through the influence of her aunt, Madame de Montesson, who had been clandestinely married to the duke of Orleans, she entered the Palais Royal as lady-in-waitingr to the duchess of Chartres (1770); and, after having acted with great energy and zeal as gover- ness to the daughters of the family, she was in 1781 appointed by the duke to the responsible office of “gouver- neur ” of his sons, a bold step which, though it led to the resignation of all the tutors as well as to much social ' scandal, can hardly in fairness be held to have seriously prejudiced the intellectual interests at least of th'xe com- mitted to her charge. The better to carry out her theory of education, she wrote several works for the use of her royal pupils, the best known of which are the Tltéritre (I’Ezlumfion (1779—80), a collection of short comedies for young people, and Les Annales de la I’crtu (1781). When the Revolution of 1789 occurred, Madame de Genlis showed herself not unfavourable to the movement, and is said to have had considerable influence on the conduct of the duke of Orleans ; but the fall of the Girondins in 1793 compelled her to take refuge in Switzerland along with her pupil Mademoiselle d‘Orleans. It was in this year that her husband, the marquis of Sillery, from whom she had been separated since 1782, perished on the scaffold. An “adopted” daughter, Pamela Berkley or Simms, had been married to Lord Edward Fitzgerald in the preceding December (see Sir Bernard Burke’s {ise of Great Families, 1872). In 1794 Madame de Gcnlis fixed her resi- dence at Berlin, but having been expelled by the orders of King Frederick William, she afterwards settled in Hamburg, where she supported herself for some years by writing and painting. After the revolution of 18th Brumaire (1799) she was permitted to return to France, and was received with favour by Napoleon, who gave her apartments at the arsenal, and afterwards assigned her a pension of 6000 francs. During this period she wrote largely, and produced what is generally considered to be her best romance, entitled .llrtdemaiselle de Clermont. At the restoration she succeeded in adjusting herself once more to the new state of things, and continued to write with all her former diligence. Her later years were occupied largely with literary quarrels, notably with that which arose out of the publication of the Diners du Baron d'IIolbacll, a volume in which she set forth with a good deal of sarcastic cleverness the intolerance, the fanaticism, and the eccen- tricities of the “ philosophes” of the 18th century. Madame de Genlis before her death, which occurred on the 31st of December 1830, had the satisfaction of seeing her former pupil, Louis Philippe, seated on the throne of France.
The numerous works of Madame de Genlis (which considerably exceed eighty), comprising prose and poetical compositions on a. vast variety of subjects and of various degrees of merit, owed much of their success to adventitious causes which have long ceased to operate, and they are now but little read The swiftness with which they were written, their very multiplicity, and their diffuse- ness, all forbid us to look in them for thought of perennial value or literary art of any high order. They are useful, however (especially the voluminous Jlémoires), as furnishing,y material for history ; and she herself can hardly pass altogether unnoticed in the crowd which thronged the stage of public life in the confused and busy time of the French Revolution. Most of her writings were translated into English almost as soon as they Were published.
known as Gennadius. a learned Greek and for some time patriarch of Constantinople, obtains a place in history through the important part played by him in the contest between Platonism and Aristotelianism which marks the transition from mediaeval to modern thought. Extremely little is known of his life, and so contradictory are some of the accounts bearing on detached facts in it that it has often been supposed there were two writers of the same name living at the same period. The researches of Renaudot seem, however, to render it approximately certain that all the historical notices we possess relate to one Scholarius, and that the apparent inconsistency in the accounts is due largely to a real change in that writer's views. Scholarius first appears in history as assisting at the great council held in 1438 at Ferrara and Florence with the object of bringing about a union between the Greek and Latin Churches (see Eugenius IV., Bessarion). At the same council was present the celebrated Platonist, George Gemistus Pletho, the most powerful opponent of the then dominant Aristotelianism, and consequently the special object of reprobation to Gennadius. In church matters, as in philosophy, the two were opposed,—Pletho maintaining strongly the principles of the Greek Church, and being
unwilling to accept union through compromise, Gennadius,