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GLOSSARY AND NOTES

[Abbreviations: Dimin. ═ diminutive; Ger. ═ German, corrupt German, and Yiddish; Heb. ═ Hebrew, and Aramaic; pl. ═ plural; Russ. ═ Russian; Slav. ═ Slavic; trl. ═ translation.

Pronunciation: The transliteration of the Hebrew words attempts to reproduce the colloquial "German" (Ashkenazic) pronunciation. Ch is pronounced as in the German Dach.]

Additional Service. "See" Eighteen Benedictions.

Al-Chet (Heb.). "For the sin"; the first two words of each line of an Atonement Day prayer, at every mention of which the worshipper beats the left side of his breast with his right fist.

Alef-Bes (Heb.). The Hebrew alphabet.

Ashré (Heb.). The first word of a Psalm verse used repeatedly in the liturgy.

Äus Klemenke! (Ger.). Klemenke is done for!

Azoi (= Ger. also). That's the way it is!

Badchen (Heb.). A wedding minstrel, whose quips often convey a moral lesson to the bridal couple, each of whom he addresses separately.

Bar-Mitzveh (Heb.). A boy of thirteen, the age of religious majority.

Bas-Kol (Heb.). "The Daughter of the Voice"; an echo; a voice from Heaven.

Beigel (Ger.). Ring-shaped roll.

Bes Ha-Midrash (Heb.). House-of-study, used for prayers, too.

Bittul-Torah (Heb.). Interference with religious study.

Bobbe (Slav.). Grandmother; midwife.

Borshtsh (Russ.). Sour soup made of beet-root.

Cantonist (Ger.). Jewish soldier under Czar Nicholas I, torn from his parents as a child, and forcibly estranged from Judaism.