are tabulated and discussed.[1] Unfortunately, however, the classification of several of the cases given by Mr. Distant is open to criticism. For example: in the instances of resemblances in birds, given by Mr. J.H. Gurney (l.c., 1899, p. 460), every case relates to species of the same genus inhabiting different areas—in fact, representative species, or even local races; and the resemblances between them are simply due to close kinship, and have nothing whatever to do with the subject of mimicry. Again, a reference to the suggested mimicry of the Cape Hunting Dog (Lycaon pictus), of the Spotted Hyaena (Hyæna crocuta), is placed under the heading of "Suggested or Probable Mimicry" (l. c., p. 449), although Mr. Lydekker's remarks, showing the difficulty of accepting this proposition, are quoted. Indeed, I have always been at a loss to understand how such a strong and fearless animal as the former—of which Selous has recorded that it "is capable of overtaking and attacking single-handed such a powerful animal as a male Sable Antelope" ('Hunter's Wanderings in Africa,' p. 357)—could be supposed to derive any benefit from resembling a cowardly brute like the Hyæna. To anyone acquainted with the two animals in nature, it is abundantly evident that, whatever mimicry there may be between them, it would be in just the reverse direction; that is, the skulking Hyaena would materially benefit by being mistaken for the bold and gregarious Hunting Dog.(n11)
I need only refer to one more example—namely, that of the Honey Bee (l.c, p. 356). It is well known that various species of the dipterous genus Eristalis mimic Bees; and Mr. Distant quotes the experiments of Prof. Lloyd Morgan with Chickens, and Mr. R.J. Pocock with Spiders, which demonstrate the value of this mimicry. Yet this instance is not placed in the "Demonstrable" category, but in that of "Suggested or Probable," on the ground that "the Bee itself is not absolutely protected by its sting." If such a classification were adhered to, there never would be a case of demonstrated mimicry; but it must be noted that, on the same page, it is explained that: "By the term 'Demonstrable' is implied all those instances where protection, absolute or partial, has been, or can be, demonstrated by experiment or actual observation."(n12)
It now only remains to discuss the objections raised by Mr. Distant
- ↑ The writer may not have referred to every paper that Prof. Poulton has written, but he certainly did write (p. 451): "Poulton has focussed many observations respecting instances in the Insecta, largely augmented by information received from the well-known coleopterist C.J. Gahan" (cf. Journ. Linn. Soc. xxvi. pp. 558-612 (1898)); a much later paper than that referred to by Mr. Marshall.— Ed.
