the Devanāgarī are best explained as glosses on the Bengālī text, while Lévi[1] proved that Harṣa and Rājaçekhara knew the Bengālī recension in some shape. On the other hand, Weber[2] contended for the priority of the Devanāgarī; certainly some readings there are better, and some of the Bengālī stanzas are mere repetitions of others found in both texts. Unless we adopt the not very plausible view of Bollensen that the Devanāgarī version is the acting edition of the play revised for representation, we must hold that neither recension is of conclusive value: the argument from the Prākrit is not conclusive, for it may merely rest on the superior knowledge of the copyists from whom the Bengālī original ultimately issued.[3]
3. Kālidāsa's Dramatic Art
The order of plays here adopted is in precise harmony with the development in a harmonious manner of Kālidāsa's dramatic art. The Mālavikāgnimitra is essentially a work of youthful promise and some achievement;[4] the theme is one less banal probably in Kālidāsa's time than it became later when every Nāṭikā was based on an analogous plot, and there is some skill in the manner in which the events are interlaced; the Vidūṣaka's strategems to secure his master the sight of his beloved are amusing, and, though Agnimitra appears mainly as a love-sick hero, the reports of battles and victories reminds us adequately of his kingly functions and high importance. The most effective characterization, however, is reserved for the two queens, Dhāriṇī and Irāvatī: the grace and dignity, and finally the magnanimity of the former, despite just cause for anger, are set off effectively against the passionate impetuosity of the latter, which leads her to constant eavesdropping, and to an outbreak against the king, forgetful of his rank and rights. The heroine is herself but faintly presented, but her friend Kauçikī, who has been driven by a series of misfortunes to enter the religious life, is a noble
- ↑ TI. ii. 37. The erotic passages in Act III in the Bengālī recension must be judged by Indian taste; cf. Thakore, p. 13 for a condemnation.
- ↑ IS. xiv. 35 ff., 161 ff. Cf. Bühler, Kashmir Report, pp. lxxxv ff.
- ↑ Cf. above, p. 121, n. 1 as to the variation in correctness in different classes of MSS.
- ↑ For a warm eulogy, see V. Henry, Les littératures de l'Inde, pp. 305 ff.
