chief adviser? In order to make good his part of the predictions after Macbeth’s own precedent. Banquo, he is sure, will suddenly and secretly attack him. It is not the far-off accession of Banquo’s descendants that he fears; it is (so he tells himself) swift murder; not that the ‘barren sceptre’ will some day droop from his dying hand, but that it will be ‘wrenched’ away now (III. i. 62).[1] So he kills Banquo. But the Banquo he kills is not the innocent soldier who met the Witches and daffed their prophecies aside, nor the man who prayed to be delivered from the temptation of his dreams.
Macbeth leaves on most readers a profound impression of the misery of a guilty conscience and the retribution of crime. And the strength of this impression is one of the reasons why the tragedy is admired by readers who shrink from Othello and are made unhappy by Lear. But what Shakespeare perhaps felt even more deeply, when he wrote this play, was the incalculability of evil,—that in meddling with it human beings do they know not what. The soul, he seems to feel, is a thing of such inconceivable depth, complexity, and delicacy, that when you introduce into it, or suffer to develop in it, any change, and particularly the change called evil, you can form only the vaguest idea of the reaction you will provoke. All you can be sure of is that it will not be what you expected, and that you cannot possibly escape it. Banquo’s story, if truly apprehended, produces this impression quite as strongly as the more terrific stories of the chief characters, and perhaps even more clearly, inas-
- ↑ So when he hears that Fleance has escaped he is not much troubled (III. iv. 29):
the worm that’s fled
Hath nature that in time will venom breed,
No teeth for the present.I have repeated above what I have said before, because the meaning of Macbeth’s soliloquy is frequently misconceived.
