Page:History of Journalism in the United States.djvu/256

CHAPTER XVII

NEWSPAPERS AND THE CAPITAL

Semi-official journals—Phases of Washington press—First publications—Samuel H. Smith—The National Intelligencer—Gales and Seaton—Jackson establishes the Globe—Amos Kendall—Patronage for newspapers—Intelligencer again in favor—Change in attitude toward "OflScial Organs"—Conspicuous Washington correspondents.

We go back to the seat of government to follow, practically to its end, the direction of public opinion by the heads of government, through semi-official newspapers. Hamilton's genius conceived the idea of such publications,—papers that should direct and inform the public, at the same time guiding them gently into such trains of thought as were desirable.

We know, however, that the publications set on foot by Hamilton soon led to the establishment of opposition papers by Jefferson. The chief protagonist of the democratic idea, when he came to the Presidency, did not hesitate to follow in Hamilton's footsteps. As we have seen, he gave to Duane and others such patronage and encouragement as served to keep them contented, and acceptably representative of his administration.

When the capital was moved to Washington, that city was not of sufficient size or importance to warrant the settling there of men of weight and standing in journalism. Consequently, it was in Philadelphia and New York that they found opportunities for producing papers that would affect the public.