Page:Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar (1910 Kautzsch-Cowley edition).djvu/241

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Jer 38; יְשֻׁנֶּא Ec 8: in their vowels, אָתָ֫נוּ Jer 3; יִקְרָה Dn 10; תִּכְלָה 1 K 17: in both, יִקְרָא Gn 49; cf. 42, Is 51; תְּלָאוּם 2 S 21 Qe; לִירוֹא 2 Ch 26 (cf. ויראו המוראים 2 S 11 Kethîbh); מֹֽרְאָה (participle fem. Qal) Zp 3; יַפְרִיא Ho 13; מְסֻלָּאִים La 4.—For פֹּרֹאות (so Baer, Ez 17, cf. 31), which can only be intended for פֹּֽרְאוֹת participle fem. plur. from פָּרָא=פָּרָה, read פֹּארוֹת branches, according to Ez 31, &c.

§76. Verbs Doubly Weak.

 [a 1. In a tolerably large number of verbs two radicals are weak letters, and are consequently affected by one or other of the anomalies already described. In cases where two anomalies might occur, usage must teach whether one, or both, or neither of them, takes effect.

 [b Thus e.g. from נָדַד to flee, the imperfect is יִדּוֹד in Na 3 and יִדַּד in Gn 31 (on the analogy of verbs פ״ן); Hiphʿîl הֵנֵד (like a verb ע״ע), but the imperfect Hophʿal again יֻדַּד (as פ״ן).

2. The following are examples of difficult forms, which are derived from doubly weak verbs:

 [c (a) Verbs פ״ן and ל״א (cf. § 66 and § 74), e.g. נָשָׂא to bear, imperative שָׂא (ψ 10 נְשָׂא, of which נְסָה ψ 4 is probably only an orthographic variation); infinitive construct שְׂאֵת (for שָׂ֫אֶת; see the analogous noun-formations in § 93 t), also נְשׂא Is 1, 18; Gn 4 נְשׂוֹא; ψ 89 שׂוֹא (perhaps only a scribal error); after the prefix ל always לָשֵׂאת (otherwise the contracted form only occurs in מִשֵּׂתוֹ Jb 41, with rejection of the א); imperfect תִּשֶּׂ֫נָה for תִּשֶּׂ֫אנָה Ru 1; wholly irregular are תִּשְּׂאֶ֫ינָה Ez 23 (so Baer after Qimḥi; textus receptus, and also the Mantua ed., and Ginsburg, תִּשֶּׂ֫אינָה) and נִשֵּׂאת 2 S 19 as infinitive absolute Niphʿal (on the analogy of the infinitive construct Qal?); but most probably נִשּׂא is to be read, with Driver.

 [d (b) Verbs פ״ן and ל״ה (cf. § 66 and § 75), as נָטָה to bow, to incline, נָכָה to smite. Hence imperfect Qal יִטֶּה, apocopated וַיֵּט (Gn 26 וַיֶּט־) and he bowed; וַיִּז (so, probably, also Is 63 for וְיֵּז) 2 K 9 and he sprinkled (from נָזָה); perfect Hiphʿîl הִכָּה he smote, imperfect יַכֶּה, apocopated יַךְ, וַיַּךְ (even with Athnaḥ 2 K 15; but also ten times וַיַּכֶּה), וַנַּךְ Dt 2; so also וַיַּז Lv 8; אַל־תַּט ψ 141 (cf. Jb 23); imperative הַכֵּה, apocopated הַךְ smite thou (like הַט incline, with הַטֵּה), infinitive הַכּוֹת, participle מַכֶּה; Hophʿal הֻכֶּה, participle מֻכֶּה.

(c) Verbs פ״א and ל״ה (cf.§ 68 and § 75), as אָבָה to be willing, אָפָה to bake, אָתָה to come. E.g. imperfect Qal יֹאבֶה, יֹאפֶה, plur. יֹאפוּ; וַיֵּתֵא (cf. § 68 h) Dt 33 for וַיֵּאתֶה (=וַיּאֱֽתֶה); imperfect apocopated וַיַּאת Is 41 for וַיַּאְתְּ; imperative אֵתָ֫יוּ Is 21, 56 (cf. אֵפוּ bake ye, Ex 16) for אֱתוּ, אֱתָ֫יוּ (§ 23 h; § 75 u); Hiphʿîl perfect הֵתָ֫יוּ for הֵאתָ֫יוּ (הֶֽאֱתָ֫יוּ) Is 21; imperfect apocopated וַיֹּ֫אֶל and he adjured, 1 S 14, properly יַֽאֲלֶה (יַאְלֶה) from אָלָה, whence יָאלֶה, and, with the obscuring to ô, יֹאלָה; instead of the simple apocope (וַיּאֹל) the א which had already become