224 SOCIETIES Bull. (1836, &c.). Blois, Soc. des Sc. et Lettres de Loir-ct-Cher (1832), Mem. (1833, &c.)- Bordeaux, Acad. (1712 ; suppressed 1793 ; re-established 1816), Actes (1839, <fcc.) ; Soc. Linn. (1818), Bull. (1826-29) and Actes (1838, <fcc.) ; Soc. des Sc. (1850), Mem. (185,5, <fce.). Boulogne, Soc. Acad. (1863), Mem. (1864, <fcc.). Bourg, Soc. d' Emulation (1783), Comptes R. (1802-22) and Annales (1868, &e.). Bourges, Hoc. Hist., c., du Cher (1849), Mem. (1857, &c.). Caen, Acad. Nat. (1652), Mem. (1754-60 and 1822, &c.); Soc. Linn. (1823), Mem. (1824, &c.), and Bull. (1855, &c.). Cambrai, Soc. d' Emulation (1804), Mem. (1808. &c.). Cannes, Soc. des Sc. (1868), Mem. (1869, &c.). Chambery, Acad. (1819), Mem. (1825, &c.). Chateaudun, Soc. Dunoise (1864), Bull. (1864, &c.). Cherbourg, Soc. Acad. (1755), Mem. (1833, &c.) ; Soc. Nat. (1851), Mem. (1852, &c.). Clermont-Ferrand, Acad. (1747), Annalts(I828, &c.) and Mem. (1859, &c.). Dijon, Acad. (1740 ; suppressed 1793 ; re-established 1800), Mem. (1769, &c.). Douai, Soc. d'Agr., &c., du Dep. du Nord (1799), Mem. (1826, &c.). Draguinan, Soc. d'Etudes Sc. (1855), Bull. (1856, &c.). Dunkirk, Soc. Dunkerquoise (185JJ, Mem. (1853, &c.). Spinal, Soc. cF&muation (1825), Annales (1831, &c.). Evreux, Soc. Libre d'Agr., &c. (1807), Recueil (1830, &c.). Grenoble, Acad. Delphinale (1789), based on Soc. Lift. (1772), Bull. (1846, &c.). Laon, Soc. Acad. (1850), Bull. (1852, &c.). La Rochelle, Acad. (1732 ; suppressed 1791 ; reconstituted in 1803 as Lycee Rochelais and in 1853 under its former name), Annales (1854, &c.). Le Havre, Soc. des Sc. et Arts (1S68), Bull. (1868, &c.). Le Mans, Soc. d'Agr., &c., de la Sarthe (founded in 1761 ; reorganized on several occa- sions, and finally in 1839), Bull. (1833, &c.). Le Puy, Soc. d'Agr., Sc., &c. (1819), Annales (1826, &c.) and Bull. (1836, <fcc.). Lille, Soc. des Sc., &c. (founded 1802 as Soc. d Amateurs), Mem. (1819, &c.). Limoges, Soc. d'Agr., Sc., &c., de la Haute- Vienne (1759), Bull. (1822, &c.). Lons-le-Saunier, Soc. d' Emulation du Jura (1817), Mem. (1818, &c.). Lyons, Acad. (1700), Mem. (1845, &c.) ; Soc. d'Agr., Hist. Nat., &c. (1761), Comptes R. (1806, &c.)and Mem. (1838, &c.); Soc. Linn. (1822), Annales (1836, &c.). Macon, Acad. (1805), Comptes R. (1818-47) and Annales (1853, &c.). Marseilles, Acad. (1726 ; in 1766 called Soc. des Sciences ; suppressed in 1793 ; re- organized in 1799, and finally in 1802), Recueil (1727-86) and Mem. (1803, &c.). Meaux, Soc. Libre d'Agr., Sc., &c. (1798 ; reorganized in 1820), Publ. (1833, &c.). Mende, Soc. d'Agr., &c., du Dep. de la Lozere (1819), Mem. (1827, &c.)and Bull. (1850, &c.). Montbeliard, Soc. d'Em. (1852), Mem. (1852, &c.). Montpellier, Acad. (founded in 1706 as Soc. Royale ; suppressed in 1793 ; finally reorganized in 1846), Mem. (1846, &c.); Soc.d'Horticult., &c., de I'Herault (I860), Annales (ISM), &e.). Moulins, Soc. d'Em. de VAllier (1846), Mem. et Bull. (1S50, &c.). Nancy, Acad. de Stanislas (1750), Mem. (1754, &c.); Soc. des Sc. (1873), founded on Soc. des Sc. Nat. de Strasbourg (1828), Mem. (1830, &c.) and Bull. (1866, &c.). Nantes, Soc. Acad. de la Loire Inf. (1848), founded in 1798 as Institut Departmental, Annales (1830, &c.). Nevers, Soc. Nivernaise (1851), Bull. (1851, &c.). Nice, Soc. des Lettres, &c., des Alpes-Marit. (1861), Annales (18(55, &c.). Nimes, Acad. du Card (1682), Mem. Niort, Soc. de Statist. Sc., &c., des Devjc-Sevres (1836), Mem. (1836, &c.) and Bull. (1852, &c.). Orleans, Acad. de Sainte-Croix (1863), Led. et Mem. (1865, &c.) ; Soc. d'Agr., Sc., &c. (1809), Butt. (1810-13), Ann. (1818-37), and Mem. (1837, &c.). Pau, Soc. des Sc., Lettres, &c. (1841), Bull. (1841, &c.). Perigueux, Soc. d'Agr., Sc., &c., de la Dordogne (1820), -<4(iZes(1840, &c.). Perpignan, Soc. Agr., &c., et Lift, des Pyrenees-Or. (1833), Bull. (1834, <fec.). Poitiers, Soc. d'Agr., Belles-Lettres, &c. (1789), Bull. (1818, &c.). Privas, Soc. ds Sc. Nat. et Hist. (1861), Bull. (1861, &c.). Eheims, Acad. Nat. (1841), Seances (1844, &c.). Eochefort, Soc. d'Agr., Belles-Lettres, &c. (1806), Travaux (1854, &c.). Rodez, Soc. des Lettres, Sc., &c., de I'Aveyron (1836), Mem. (1838, &c.) and Frocks-Verb. (1864, &c.). Rouen, Acad. (1744), Precis Analyt. (1744, &c.); Soc. des Amis des Sc. Nat. (1864),. Bull. (1865, &c.). Saint-Brieuc, Soc. d'Em., Bull, et Mem. (1861, &c.). Saint-Etienne, Soc. d'Agr., &c., de la Loire (1856), Bull. Saint- Jean d'Angely, Soc. Hist, et Sc. (1863), Bull. (1863, &c.). Saint-Quentin, Soc. Acad. (1825), Mem. (1830, &c.). Semur, Soc. ds Sc. Hist, et Nat. (1842), Bull. (1864, &c.). Soissons, Soc. Arch., Hist., et Sc. (1846), Mem. (1847, &c.). Tarbes, Soc. ^cad. ds Hautes-Pyrenees (1853), Bull. (1854, &c.). Toulon, Soc. Acad. du Var (1811), Mem. (1832, &c.). Toulouse, Acad. (founded in 1640 ; known to 1704 as Soc. des Lanternistes and by other names to 1807, when present title was acquired), Hist, et Mem (1782-90) and Mem. (1827, &c.); Soc. d'Hist. Nat. (1866), BM. (1867, &c.); Soc. desSc. (1872), Bull. (1872, &c.). Tours, Soc. d'Agr., &c., d'Indre-et-Loire (founded in 1761 as Soc. Roy. d'Agr.), Recueil (1763 and 1803-10) and Annales (1821, &c.). Troyes, Soc. Acad., based on Soc. ^4cad. de I'Aube (1801), Mem. (1801, &c.). Valenciennes, Soc. d'Agr., Sc., et Arts (1831), Mem. (1833, &c. ; 1865, &c.) and Revue Agricole (1849, &c.) Vannes, Soc. Polymathique du Morbihan (1826), Comptes R. (1827, &c.) and Bull. (1857, &c.). Vendome, Soc. Arch., Sc., et Lift. (1862), Butt. (1862, &c.). Verdun, Soc. Philomath. (1822), Mem. (1840). Versailles, Soc. d'Agr. et des Arts (1798), Mem. (1799-1864) and Bull. (1866, &c.) ; Soc. des Sc. Nat. et Med. (1832), Mem. (1835, &c.). Vesoul, Soc. d'Agr., &c., de la Haute-Saom (1801 ; reorganized in 1819 and 1832), Recueil Agronom. (1836, &c.), Mem. (1859, &c.), and Bull. (1869, &c.). Vitry-le-Francois, Soc. des Sc. et Arts (1861), Bull. (1867, &c.). GERMANY and AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Agram, Jugo-slavenska Akademija or South Slav. Acad. (1866), various publications. Altenburg, Naturforsch. Ges. d. Osterlandes (1817), Mittheil. Augsburg, Naturforsch. Ver. (1846), Ber. (1848, &c.). Bamberg, Naturforsch. Ges. (1834), Ber. (1852, &c.). Berlin, Ges. naturf. Freunde (1773), Sitzungsber. (1862, &c.). Blankenburg, Naturwiss. Ver. des Harzes (1831), Ber. (1841, &c.). Bonn, Naturh. - Verein (1843), Verhandl. (1844, &c.); Gdrres Ges. (1876), Hist. Jahrbiich. (1880, &c.); Niederrhein. Ges. (1818; reorganized 1839). Bremen, Naturwiss. Ver. (1864), Abhandl. (1868, &c.). Breslau, Schles. Ges. f. vaterl. Kultur (1803), Jahresber. (1804, &c.). Briinn, K. k. Mdhr.-Schles. Ges., Mittheil. (1821, &c.). Cassel, Ver. f. Naturkunde, Jahresber. (1837, &e.). Colmar, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. (1859), Bull. (1860, &c.). Cracow, Towarzystwo Naukowe, afterwards Akademija Umiejetnosci or Jlcod. of Science, many publications. Dantzic, Naturforsch. Ges.,Versuche('!t5-57)aridSchriften(lS20, &c.); Bot.-Zoolog. Ver. (1878). Donaueschingen, Ver. f. Gesch. u. Naturgesch. (1801), Schriften. Dresden, Naturwiss. Ges. Isis (1833), Sitzungsber. (1861, <fec.); Ges. f. Natur- u. Heil-Kunde (1818), Jahresber. (1848, &c.) ; Ges. /. Botanik u. Zoologie, Nunquam Otiosus (1870, &c.). Durkheim, Pollichia, Naturwi,ss. Ver., Jahresber. (1843, &c.). Elberfeld, Naturwiss. Ver., Jahresber. (1851, <fcc.). Emden, Naturforsch. Ges. (1814), Jahresber. (1837, &c.). Frankfort, Seckenbergische naturforsch. Ges., Museum (1834-35) and Abhandl. (1854, &c.). Freiburg (in Baden), Naturforsch. Ges. (1821), Ber. (1858, &c.). Fulda, Ver. f. Naturkunde (1865), Ber. (1870, &c.). Giessen, Oberhess. Ges. f. Natur- und Heil-Kunde, Ber. (1847, <fec.). Gorlitz, Ober- lausitzer Ges. d. Wiss. (1779), Magazin; Naturforsch. Ges., Abhandl. (1827, &c.). Gorz, Soc. Imp. Reale, Mem. Gottingen, K. Ges. d. Wissensch., Anzeiger (1739, &c.), Abhandl. (1845, &c.), and Nachr. (1845, &c.). Gratz, Naturwiss. Ver., Mittheil. (1863, &c.). Greifswald, Naturwiss. Ver. von Neu-Vorpommern, Mittheil. (1869, &c.). Halle, Naturf. Ges. (1779), Abhandl. (1853, &e.) ; Naturwiss. Ver., Zeitschrift (1853, &c.). Hamburg, Naturwiss. Ver., Abhandl. (1846, &c.). Hanau, Wetterauische Ges. (1808), Jahresber. (1852, Ac.). Heidelberg, Naturhist.-Med. Ver., Verhandl. (1857, &c.). Hermannstadt, Siebenbiirgisch. med. Ver. f. Natur- wiss., Verhandl. (1849, &c.). Innsbruck, Ferdinandeum, Beitrage (1825-34) and Neue Zeitschrift (1835, cfcc.). Jena, K. Leopold. -Carol. Akad., Athenaeum (1875, &c.) ; K. Leopold.-Carol. D. Akad. d. Naturf., Leopoldina (1859, &e.) ; Med.-natur- wiss. Ges., Jen. Zeitschr. (1864, &c.). Karlsruhe, Naturwiss. Ver., Verhandl. (1864, &c.). Klausenburg, Siebenbiirg. Museum, Annalen. Leipsic, K. Sachs. Ges. d. Wiss., Ber. (1846, &c.) and Abhandl. (1850, &c.). Lemberg, Ges. v. Galizien, Ber. Liineburg, Naturwiss. Ver., Jahresber. (1852, &c.). Magdeburg, Naturwiss. Ver., Abhandl. (1869, &c.). Mainz, Rhein. naturforsch. Ges. (1834). Mannheim, Ver. f. Naturk., Jahresber. (1834, &c.). Marburg, Ges. /. d. Gesch. naturwiss., Schriften (1823, &c.) and Sitzungsber. (1866, &c.). Meissen, Ver. f. Erdk. Isis (1845). Metz, Acad., based on .Soc. des Lettres, &c. (1819), Mem. (1828, &c.) ; Soc. d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (1843) and Bull. (1844, &c.). Nuremberg, Naturhist. Ges. (1801), Abhandl. (1852, &c.) ; German. Museum, Jahresber. (1854, &c.) and Anzeig. (1853, &c.). Pesth, Magyar Tudomdnyos Akademia or Hung. Acad. of Sciences n., r CYnwvWi m--"J, !*.* j.M>utouvU| twwy*"ntviWFruwu, t CT. tlo^t), since 1883 called Naturwiss. Ver.), Abhandl. (1849, &c.). Reichenbach (Voigtland, Saxony), Ver. f. Naturk. (1859), Mittheil. Roveredo, Imp. Accad. (1750), Atti (1826, &c.). Strasburg, Soc. des Sc. Agr. et Arts (1802), Mem. (1811, &c.) and Bull. (1843, &c.). Stuttgart, Ver.f. vaterl. Naturk. (1822), Jahresber. (1850, &c.). Thorn, Copernicus Ver. (1839). Trieste, Soc. Adriatica, Boll. Ulm, Ver. f. Mathem. u. Naturwiss., Verhandl. Vienna, K. Akad. d. Wiss., Denkschriften (1850, &c.), and Sitzungsber. (1848, &c.) ; K. k. Zoolog.-Bot. Ges., Verhandl. (1851, &c.) ; Verein z. Verb. Naturwiss. Kentnisse, Schriften (1862, &c.). Wiesbaden, Nas- sauischer Ver. f. Naturk. (1829), Jahrbuchcr (1844, &c.). Zweibriicken, Naturh ist. Ver. (1863), Jahresber. (1864, &c.). SWITZERLAND: Basel, Naturforsch. Ges., Ber. (1835, &c.) and Verhandl. (1857, &e.). Bern, Naturforsch. Ges., Mittheil. (1844, &c.). Clmr, Naturforsch. Ges., Jahresber. (1856, &c.). Geneva, Soc. de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat., Mem. (1821, &c.); Inst. des Sc., des Lettres, &c., Mem. and Bull. Lausanne, Soc. Vaudoise des Sc. Nat., Bull. (1842, &c.). Neuchatel, Soc. des Sc. Nat., Mem. (1835, &c.) and Bull. (1844, &c.). St Gall, Naturwiss. Ges., Ber. (I860, &c.). Solotlmrn, Naturhist. Kantonal-Ges., Jahresber. (1825, &c.). Zurich, Naturforsch. Ges., Abhandl. (1761-66), Mittheil. (1846, &c.), and Vierteljahrschr. (1856, &c.); Allg. Schweizer. Ges. f. d. Naturwiss., Verhandl., Anzeiger, and Denkschr. (1829, &c.). ITALY: Congresso degli Scienziati Italiani, Atti (1844-45) ; Riunione degli Sc. Ital, Atti (1839-47 ; 1873, &c.). Bologna, Accad. delle Sc. dell' Istit. di Bologna, Rendic. (1833, &c.), and Mem. (1850, &c.). Brescia, Accad., afterwards Ateneo, Comment. (1808, &c.). Catania, Accad. Gioenia di Sc. Nat., Atti (1825, &c.). Florence, R. Museo di Fis. e Stor. Nat., Annali (1808, &c.). Lucca, R. Accad. Lucchese, Atti (1821, &c.). Messina, R. Accad. Peloritana. Milan, ,4ecad. Fis.- Med. Statist., Diario ed Atti (1846, &c.); R. Istit. Lombardo, Mem. (1819, &c.), Giornale (1840, &c.), Atti (1860, &c.), and Rendic. (1864, &c.) ; Soc. Ital. delle Sc. Nat., Atti (1860, &c.) and Mem. (1865, &c.). Modena, R. Accad. di Sc., &c., Mem. (1833, &c.) ; Soc. Ital. delle Sc., Mem. (1782, &c.). Naples, R. Istit. d'Incoragg. alle Sc. Nat., Atti (1811, &c.). Padua, R. Accad. di Sc., Lett., ed Arti, Sa0ai(1786, &c.) and Revista (1851, &c.). Venice, R. Istit. Veneto di Sc., &c., Atti (1841, &c.) and Mem. (1843, &c.). BELGIUM : Brussels, Acad. Roy. des Sc., des Lettres, et des Beaux Arts (founded by Maria Theresa in 1772 ; reorganized in 1845), Mem. (1818, &c.), Bull. (1882, &c.), and Annuaire (1835, &c.) ; Soc. Roy. des Sc. Nat. el Med. (1822), Journ. de Ml'd. (1843) and Journ. de Pharm. (1845, &c.) ; Soc. Roy. Linn. (1835), Bull. (1872, &c.). Liege, Soc. Roy. des Sc. (1835), Mem. (1843, &c.). Mons, Soc. Prov. des Sc., &c., du Hainaut (1833), Mem. (1839, &c.). HOLLAND : Amsterdam, K. Nederlandsch Instituut, Proc.-Verb. (1808, &c.), Verhandel. (1812, &c.), Tijdschrift (1847) ; Genootschap ter Beford. der Naluur-, &c., Kunde, Maanblad (1807, &c.) and Werken (1870, &c.) ; Hollandsche Maat- schappij, Werken (1810, &c.) ; A'. Akad. van Wetensch., Verslagen (1853, &c.), Verhandel. (1854, &c.), and Jaarboek (1857, &c.). Arnheim, Natuurkundig Genoot- schap, Tijdschrift (1844, &c.). Bois-le-Duc, Provinc. Genootschap, Handelingen (1837, &c.). Groningen, Natuurk. Genootschap, Versl. (1862, &c.). Haarlem, Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetensch., Verhandel. (1754, &c.). The Hague, A'. Zoolog.-Botanisch Genootschap, Versl. (1864, &c.). Luxembourg, Soc. des Sc. Nat., Publ. (1853, &c.). 'Middelburg, Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetensch., Ver- liandel. (1769, &c.)and Archief(lS56, &c.). Uteecht, Provinc. Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetensch., Verhandel. (1781, &c.) and Aanteekeningen (1845, &c.). BATAVIA: Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetensch., Verhandel. (1779, &c.), Tijdschrift (1852, &c.), and Notulen (1864, &c.) ; Natuurk. Vereeniging in Nederl. Indie., Tydschnft. (1850, &c.) and Verhandel. (1856, &c.). DENMARK : Copenhagen, K. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, based on Kjoben- havnske Selskab (1743-1813), Slyrifier (1781, &c.) and Afhandlingcr (1824, &c.) ; Naturhist. Forening, Meddelelser (1849, &c.). SWEDEN : Gottenburg, A'. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets Samhdlle, Handlingar (1778, &c.). Stockholm, K. Svenska Vetenskaps Akademi, Handlingar (1740, &c.) and Arberattelser (1820, &c.). Upsala, K. Vetenskaps Societeten, Acta (1720, &c.). NORWAY: Christiania, Physiographislce Forening, Mag. for Natur -Vidensk. (1832, &c.); Videnskabs-Selskabet, Forhandl. (1859, &c.). Throndhjem, K. Norske Vidensk.-Selskab, Skrifter (1817, &c.). SPAIN : Madrid, R. Acad. de Cien. Exactas, Fis., y Nat., Mem. (1850, &c.) ; Soc. Espan. de Hist. Nat., Anales (1872, &c.). San Fernando, R. Acad., Mem. RUSSIA : Siezd Russkikh Yestestvoispytately (Meeting of Russ. Naturalists), first meeting at St Petersburg 1867-68, Trudy or Trans. (4to, 1868, &c.). Dorpat, Naturforsch. Ges., Sitzungsber. (1853, &c.)and Archiv(lS54, &c.); Gelehrte Estnische Ges., VerJuindl. (1846, &c.), Schriften (1863, &c.), and Sitzungsber. (1866, &c.). Helsingfors, Soc. Sclent. Fennica, Acta (1842, &c.). Kaminietz, Naturforsch. Ges. Kazan, Soc. of Naturalists at University, Protokoly (1870, &c.) and Trudy (1872, &c.). Kharkoff, Soc. of Scientists at Univ., Trudy (1870, &c.) and Protokoly (1870, &c.). Kieff, Soc. of Naturalists, Zapiski. Moscow, Imp. Soc. of the Friends of Nat. Hist., Anthrop., &c., Izvtestiya or Bull. (1865, &c.); Soc. Imp. des Natura- listes, Mem. (4to, 1806) and Bull. (8vo, 1829, &c.). Odessa, Soc. of Naturalists of New Russia, Zapiski (1872, &c.) and Protokoly (1874, &c.). Riga, Naturforsch'.- Ver., Corr.-Blatt (1846, &c.) and Arbeiten (1865, &c.). St Petersburg, Soc. of Naturalists, Trudy (1870, &c.). Warsaw, Soc. of Friends ofSc., Roczniki (1802-28). ROUMANIA : Bucharest, Soc. ^cad. Romana, Annalile (1867, &c.). CENTRAL and SOUTH AMERICA : Bogota, Soc. de Naturalistas Neo-Granadinos, Contribuciones (1860, &c.). Buenos Ayres, Soc. Cientifica Argentina. Caracas, Soc. de Ciencias, Boletln (1868, &c.). Cordova, Acad. Nacion., Bol. (1874, &c.) Guatemala, Instil. Nac. Havana, Acad. de Cien., Anales (1864, &c.). Mexico, Soc. Mex. deHist. Nat., La Naturaleza(lS69, &c.). Rio de Janeiro, Palestra dent., Archivos (1858, &c.). Santiago, Soc. de Hist. Nat. II. MATHEMATICS. Many of the general scientific societies (see class i.) have mathematical and other special sections. Among defunct English societies may be mentioned the Mathematical Society, which used to meet in Spitaltields (1717-1845) and possessed a library, and the Cambridge Analytical Society, which published Memoirs (4to, 1813). The London Mathematical Society, Proc. (1865, &c.), and the Edinburgh Mathematical Society (1883), Proc. (1883, &c.), are still flourishing. FRANCE : Paris, Soc. Mathem. de France (1872), Bull. (1873, &c.). GERMANY : Berlin, Mathem. Ver. der Univ. (1861), Ber. (1876, &c.). Cassel, Geometer-Ver. (1878). Dresden, Ver. praktisch. Geometer (1854), Jahresber. (1861, &c.). Essen, Feldmesser-Ver. (1869). Frankfort, Phys. Ver. (1824). Gbttingen, Mathemat. Ver. (1868). Hamburg, Mathemat. Ges. (1690), Mittheil. Konigsberg, Geometer-Ver. (1872). Strasburg, Geometer-Ver. (1881). Stuttgart, Deutscher Geometer-Ver., Zeitschrift (1872, &c.). HOLLAND: Amsterdam, Genootschap der Mathemat. Wetensch. Kunstoejflnengen (1782-88), Mengelwerken (1793-1816), and Archief(l856, &c.). SPAIN : Vallado'lid, R. Acad. de Matematicas (1803, &c.), now dissolved. RUSSIA: Moscow, Mathemat. Soc. JAPAN: Mathemat. Soc. of Tokio, Journal (1878, &c.).
