81. Mutuality is recognised as a social principle and practice.
Its functioning shall be regulated by law in such manner that persons of modest resources shall enjoy its benefits, and it will serve, at the same time, as a just and adequate protection to professional men.
82. Professions which require an official title, with the exception of what is provided in Article 57 of this Constitution, can be practiced only by Cubans by birth and the naturalised ones who were naturalised 5 years or more prior to the date on which they apply for authorisation to practice. Congress can, nevertheless, by a special law, provide for the temporary suspension of this rule when, for reasons of public utility, the co-operation of foreign professional men or technicians is necessary or advisable in carrying out public or private enterprises of national interest. The law which so provides shall fix the scope and term of the authorisation.
In the fulfilment of this precept, and in the cases in which a law or regulation regulates the exercise of any new profession, art or trade, the right to work acquired by persons who up to that time had practiced the profession, art or trade in question, shall be respected and the principles of international reciprocity shall be observed.
83. The manner in which factories and shops can be moved from one place to another shall be regulated by law, for the purpose of preventing the lowering of working conditions.
84. Problems arising from the relations between capital and labour shall be submitted to conciliation commissions, composed of an equal number of representatives of employers and workers. The judicial officer who will preside over the said commissions and the national court to which its resolutions shall be appealable, shall be specified by law.
85. In order to ensure execution of social legislation, the Nation shall provide for vigilance over and the inspection of the enterprises.
86. The enumeration of the rights and benefits to which this Section refers does not exclude others that are derived from the principle of social justice, and they shall be equally applicable to all factors existing in the process of production.
