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exposed at Berwick; which continued under the English control till 131 8, when it was taken by an army under the Earl of Murray, King Robert's most accomplished general.
The battle of Hallydown-Hill, which terminated so fatally for the Scots, and left thirty-five thou- sand of their best soldiers dead upon the field, put Edward III. in possession of Berwick ; and Edward Baliol confirmed it to the crown of England for ever, by the ratification of the treaty of Roxburgh in 1 334. Successful attempts of the Scots gained them the temporary possession of the castle and town of Berwick several times after this formal sur- render of it to the English; but it never again be- came the recognized property of the crown of Scot- land. In the reign of Richard III. its limits were ascertained, and by an agreement between him and James III. of Scotland, the town became a neutral one; determined to be equally respected by both parties, and made the scene of all future treaties between the nations. Henry VIII. incorporated the town, and his daughter Elizabeth appointed a regular garrison there.
Early in the civil war the interest of the Parlia- ment preponderated at Berwick, and a strong gar- rison preserved it under their control till the Re- storation. In r636 King James II. created his
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