had been preceded by Scholæ (schools), or Studia, in which
particular branches of learning were taught by independent and
insulated teachers. This was inconvenient to those students
who desired to obtain instruction in more than one of the then
usual faculties, or subjects of scholastic teaching. Hence two or
more schools or atudia sprang up in the same city, until at last
there appeared doctors or teachers, and masters in all the four
faculties, or studia, viz. Theology, Law or the Decretum,[1] Medi-
cine, and Arts. The School then became a Studium generale, or
Universitas studiorum,[2] from which came in after times the name
"University."
Thus Bologna (Bononia), founded in 1 129, was famous at first for the School of Civil Law, established and presided over by the celebrated Wernerius,[3] who revived the study of the Justinian
Code, and attracted to his lectures an immense body of students of
- ↑ The Decretum of Gratian was a digested collection of Papal letters and decisions, many of them forged, which was the text book used in the Schools, and was the foundation of the Canon Law; the Graduates in which were first called Doctor in Decretis, or Decretorum Doctor. Gratian was a Benedictine monk of Bologna, and compiled the Decretum in 1151.
- ↑ The Four Faculties were in theory deemed necessary to constitute an University. Hence Queen Elizabeth was careful to enact that Dublin should have the power of giving Degrees " in omnibus artibus et facultatibus." Some Universities, however, although known under that name, have had but two or three Studia. Even Paris " never had, throughout the whole of the middle ages, any faculty of Law, which deserved the name." "None of the high schools of France rose above the subordinate dignity and character of special schools, such as Orleans, Bourges, Cahors {Cadurcum), and Angers, for Law; Montpelier for Medicine." Döllinger (ubi supr.), p. 3 ; but the high schools of France were never in any proper sense Universities.
- ↑ The name is also written Warnerius, Guarnerius, Irnerius : he was called Lucerna Juris and Glossator., from the light thrown upon the Civil Law by his method of adding Glosses. He died circ. 1190. See Oudin., De Scriptor, Eccles., tom. ii. c. 877.
Medical School at Salerno, which en- joyed some consideration as early as the eleventh century." Appleton's Translation, (Oxford, Rivingtons, 1867), p. I. So Pagi (Crit. in Baron. A.D. 1087, n. xiii.) says: "Ea Schola (Salernitana) jam anno 984 Cele- bris erat." But it was then a School only, not as yet an University.
