1398. [Irruption of the Mnghals
under Timur (Tamerlane") in
1398-99, leaving behind a
fifteen years' anarchy under the
last of the line of Tughlak,
until the accession of the Say-
yids in 1414.]
VI. The Sayyids.
1414-1450. Curtailed power of the
Delhi Kingdom.
VII. The Lodis (Afghan).
1450-1526. Feeble reigns; indepen-
dent States multiply.
VIII. House of Timur (Mughal).
1526-1530. Babar.
1530-1556. Humayun.
[Sher Shah, the Afghan Gover-
nor of Bengal, drives Huma-
yun out of India in 1542,
and his Afghan dynasty rules
till 1 555-]
1 556-1605. Akbar the Great.
1605-1627. Jahangir.
1628-1658. Shahjahan; deposed.
1658-1707. Aurangzeb or Alam-
gir I.
1 707-1 7 1 2. Bahadur Shah, or Shah
Alam I.
1 71 2. Jahandar Shah.
1713-1718. Farukhsiyyar.
1 719-1748. Muhammad Shah (after
temporary Emperors).
[Irruption of Nadir Shah the
Persian, I73 8 - I 739-]
1 748-1 754. Death of Muhammad
Shah; and accession of Ahmad
Shah, deposed 1754.
I7S4-I759- Alamgirll.
[Six invasions of India by
Ahmad Shah Durani, the
Afghan, 1748-1761.]
1759-1806. Shah Alam II, titular
Emperor.
1S06-1837. Akbar II, titular Em-
peror.
1837-1857. Muhammad Bahadur
Shah, titular Emperor; the seven-
teenth and last Mughal Emperor;
gave his sanction to the Mutiny
of 1857, and died a State prisoner
at Rangoon in 1862.
The Rise of Islam.—While Buddhism was giving place to Hinduism in India, a new faith had arisen in Arabia. Muhammad, born in 570 a.d., created a conquering religion, and died in 632. Within a hundred years after his death, his followers had invaded the countries of Asia as far as the Hindu Kush. Here- their progress was stayed ; and Islam had to consolidate itself, during three more centuries, before it grew strong enough to grasp the rich prize of India. But almost from the first the Arabs had fixed eager eyes upon that wealthy empire, and several premature inroads foretold the coming storm.
Early Arab Invasions of Sind, 647 to 828 A.D.—About fifteen years after the death of the prophet, Usman sent a naval expedition to Thana and Broach on the Bombay coast (647 ?). Other raids towards Sind took place in 662 and 664, with no lasting results. In 711, however, the youthful Kdsim
