he was forced to leave the council of 500. He died on Nov. 16, 1820.
[[Author:Thomas De Witt Talmage|Talmage (tal′mắj), Thomas De Witt, ]]American Presbyterian clergyman and lecturer, was born at Bound Brook, N. J., Jan. 7, 1832; was educated at the University of the City of New York; and graduated from the Theological Seminary of New Brunswick, N. J. He was pastor successively of Reformed Dutch churches at Belleville (N. J.), Syracuse (N. Y.) and Philadelphia (Pa.), and from 1869 to 1874 he was in charge of Central Presbyterian Church at Brooklyn, N, Y. In 1895 he accepted a call to First Presbyterian Church, Washington, D. C. He edited The Christian Herald, and was also editorially connected with The Christian at Work, The Advance and Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine. Besides many volumes of lectures and sermons he published Around the Tea-Table, The Marriage-Ring, Old Wells Dug Out, The Pathway of Life, Everyday Religion, From Manager to Throne, Woman and Sundown. He died on Apr. 12, 1902.
Tal′mud. See Literature, Jewish.
Tam′arack. See Larch.
Tam′arind, a tree cultivated in India for its fine shade as well as for its fruit. It also is grown (though of the wild type) in other tropical countries, as Florida and the West Indies. It is known as the Indian date, its long, many-seeded pods containing an acid pulp, which is used medicinally and as a pleasant drink, and also as an ingredient in curries and in making sherbet. The tree has a hard wood, of value in cabinetwork, and is exceedingly handsome.
Tambourine (tam-bo͞or-ēn′), a very old musical instrument, used by Basques, Italians and Gypsies. It is a piece of parchment stretched on a hoop furnished with little bells, and is sounded by the hand, fingers or elbow. It is used to accompany singing and dancing, and has been adopted by the Salvation Army.
Tam′erlane. See Timur.
Tam′many Society, the most powerful political club in the world, is an organization of the Democratic party in New York City, and was founded in 1789. It was nearly ruined at the time when the city and it were under control of the Tweed ring. It has been more or less opposed by outside Democrats in New York at various times, but to-day is supreme in the councils of the party in New York. See Tweed.
Tam′pa Bay, an inlet of the Gulf of Mexico on the western coast of Florida, south of Cedar Keys and north of Charlotte Harbor, on which the city of Tampa is situated. The bay, known also by its old Spanish name of Espiritu Santo, is divided in its upper waters by a peninsula into Old Tampa Bay and Hillsboro Bay. Its length is between 35 and 40 miles, while in breadth it varies from six to 14, with a depth of 22 feet at
its main entrance, which is protected from the Gulf by a number of keys or low islets.
Tampa, Fla., a thriving city and port of entry at the head of Tampa Bay and the mouth of Hillsboro River, the capital of Hillsboro County, 30 miles from the Gulf of Mexico, in western central Florida. It has a spacious harbor, and has steamship connection with Mobile, New Orleans, New York, Havana and Key West. It has railway connection with the Florida Central and Vennisula, the Savannah, Florida and Western and other railroads. Its chief industry is the manufacture of cigars; fruit-culture, the fishing-trade and the shipment of phosphate are other occupations of its people. Population 37,782.
Tampico (tȧm-pē′kṓ), a Mexican seaport in the State of Tamaulipas, on the Panuco, five miles from the Gulf of Mexico and 235 miles northwest of Vera Cruz. Its harbor has a dangerous bar, and is unsafe. Trade is carried on chiefly with New York, New Orleans and Liverpool. Population 12,000.
Tanager (tăn′ȧ-jẽr), the name for members of a large family of birds mainly confined to tropical America. There are about 350 species. Two forms abound in the eastern and southern United States. The scarlet tanager is our most brilliantly colored bird, and is familiar to most people who live within its range. It is a little more than seven inches long; the male, during the breeding period, is bright red with black wings and tail; the female is clear olive-green above and greenish yellow below. After the nesting-period the male becomes colored like the female. They inhabit both high and low woods and usually nest in oaks. Our other tanager is the summer redbird, a more southern species, which ranges north to New Jersey and southern Illinois. The male is bright rose-red throughout, with the wings a little dusky. The female is dull olive above and yellow below.
Tananarivo (tȧ-nä′nȧ-rē-vṓ′) or Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar (q. v.), is built on a long hill 7,000 feet above the sea The houses are of wood or bamboo, roofed with bamboo or mats. The habits and ways of the people have been greatly bettered under the teaching of missionaries. Population 65,000.
Tancred (tăn′krĕd), an Italian prince, was born in 1078. He joined the crusaders under Bohemond, his cousin, the son of Robert Guiscard, the crusader. He fought bravely at the siege of Nicasa in 1097, and in the battle of Dorylæum saved the Christian army from being cut to pieces. In the massacre which followed the capture of Jerusalem, whose walls he was one of the first to mount, he alone had any mercy for the conquered, in whose behalf he risked his own life. Tancred defeated the advance guard of the sultan of Egypt, and had a great share in the capture of Ascalon. After tak-
